terjemahan teks menggunakan aplikasi ginger (edited/correct form)

      ·      Target Language (Correct Form)

2. The translation of Intrabahasa, Interlanguage, and Intersemiotic

In the translation literature, there are many various that have ever been advanced by experts.  The classification according to the type of sign systems are involved, manuscript translated, the translation process as well as the emphasis). Roman Jakobson (1959: 234) differentiates into three kinds of translations, the translation of intrabahasa, interlanguage, and intersemiotic. The intended translation intrabahasa is the conversion of a text into another text based on interpretation of the translator. And both of these texts are written in the same language. So, when we rewrite poetry by Chairil Anwar, Aku, into a prose in Indonesian, then we do the translation of intralanguage.

The second translation is a translation of interlanguage. This type of translation is a translation in a real sense. In this type, the interpreter renders the text idea or rewrite in the source language into the target language.

The last is a type of intersemiotic translation. This type covers the interpretation of a text into another form or system alerts, for example, the interpretation of the novel becomes into a film work.

terjemahan teks menggunakan aplikasi ginger

Name: Rengga Rinaldi Saputra

Class: 4sa04

NPM: 15611971

     ·      Source Language

      2.      Terjemahan Intrabahasa, Antarbahasa, Intersemiotik

Di dalam literatur penerjamahan, ada beberapa ragam terjemahan yang pernah dikemukakan oleh para ahli. Ragam-ragam tersebut ada yang digolongkan menurut jenis sistem tanda yang terlibat, jenis naskah yang diterjemahkan, dan juga menurut proses penerjemahan serta penekanannya.

Roman Jakobson (1959:234) membedakan terjemahan menjadi tiga jenis, yaitu terjemahan intrabahasa, terjemahan antarbahasa, dan nterjemahan intersemiotik.

Yang dimaksud terjemahan intrabahasa adalah pengubahan suatu teks menjadi teks lain berdasarkan interpretasi penerjemah. Dan kedua teks ini ditulis dalam bahasa yang sama. Jadi, bila kita menuliskan kembali puisi Chairil Anwar, Aku, ke dalam bentuk prosa di dalam bahasa Indonesia, maka kita melakukan penerjemahan intrabahasa.

Jenis terjemahan kedua adalah terjemahan antarbahasa. Terjemahan jenis ini adalah terjemahan dalam arti yang sesungguhnya. Dalam jenis ini, penerjemah menuliskan kembali makna ayau gagasan teks bahasa sumber ke dalam teks bahasa sasaran.

Yang terakhir adalah jenis terjemaan intersemiotik. Jenis ini mencakup penafsiran sebuah teks ke dalam bentuk atau system tanda yang lain. Sebagai contoh, penafsiran novel menjadi sebuah karya film.

      ·      Target Language

2. The translation of Intrabahasa, Antarbahasa, and Intersemiotic

In the translation literature, there are many various that was ever advanced by experts.  The varieties are classified according to the type of sign systems are involved, the type of manuscript translated, and also according to the translation process as well as the emphasis. Roman Jakobson (1959: 234) differentiates into three kinds of translations, the translation of intrabahasa, a translation of antarbahasa, and a translation of intersemiotic. The intended translation intrabahasa is the conversion of a text into another text based on interpretation of the translator. And both of these texts are written in the same language. So, when we write back poetry Chairil Anwar, Aku, into prose in the language of Indonesia, then we perform the translation of intrabahasa.

The second translation is a translation of antarbahasa. This type of translation is a translation in a real sense. In this type, the interpreter renders the text idea or meaning back in the source language into the target language.

The latter is a type of intersemiotic translation. These types include the interpretation of a text into a form or system alerts the others. For example, the interpretation of the novel becomes into a film work.

      ·      Target Language (Correct Form)

The translation of Intrabahasa, Interlanguage, and Intersemiotic

In the translated literature, there are many various that was ever advanced by experts.  The varieties are classified according to the type of sign systems are involved, the type of manuscript translated, and also according to the translation process as well as the emphasis. Roman Jakobson (1959: 234) differentiates into three kinds of translations, the translation of intrabahasa, a translation of interlanguage, and a translation of intersemiotic. The intended translation intrabahasa is the conversion of a text into another text based on interpretation of the translator. And both of these texts are written in the same language. So, when we write back poetry Chairil Anwar, Aku, into prose in the language of Indonesia, then we perform the translation of intrabahasa.

The second translation is a translation of interlanguage. This type of translation is a translation in a real sense. In this type, the interpreter renders the text idea or meaning back in the source language into the target language.

The latter is a type of intersemiotic translation. These types include the interpretation of a text into a form or system alerts the others. For example, the interpretation of the novel becomes into a film work.

The advantages and disadvantages of 5 translation software

   1.       Trados

·         Advantage: the first advantage of using Trados is that the translator immediately sees which parts of the text are to be translated, which makes it easy to concentrate on the essential. Whoever has attempted to translate a text in electronic format knows how difficult it is, since each time the already translated source text must be deleted. As an alternative, one must work with two texts side-by-side, or open the original text on the screen again and then return to the already translated text.

·         Disadvantage: it often results in careless mistakes and increases the risk of skipping a sentence or a word. The situation becomes even worse if the translation is received as hard copy. If the translator does not have the possibility of converting the text into an electronic format by using optical character recognition (OCR—another tool to make the translator’s life easier), he or she must constantly shift the focus between the paper and the screen.

   2.       Ginger

·         Advantage: You learn the topics that are most relevant to you, those that cause most of your writing mistakes. Frequently these are your most common spoken mistakes as well. You practice by correcting your own sentences, instead of textbook learning examples that are not necessarily relevant to your specific use of English. You learn faster because the learning program is personalized to meet your needs. No need to practice topics that you already know, or that are too advanced for you. You don’t need to invest hours taking English lessons. Whenever you write an email, an essay, or a status on Facebook, you can, in a single click, get corrections from Ginger, as well as explanations on how to avoid repeating those same mistakes in the future.

·         Disadvantages: it has a disadvantage that it slows down the speed of your PC to some extent, but when you stop it from working on the browser the speed is improved rest there is no problem with the free version of this software.

   3.       Systran

·         Advantage: they support unlimited user access and millions of real-time and batch translations per day as demonstrated by the leading search engines, global corporations, and governments. Scalable, open and robust, SYSTRAN solutions use standard APIs, support universal file formats and are easy to integrate with third-party applications. SYSTRAN delivers the highest translation speed available for machine translation solutions. SYSTRAN also delivers the largest breadth of machine translation software products in the market which offers fast and cost-effective customization.

·         Disadvantage: you have to buy particular language combinations. For example, it costs more to have software that will translate both French and Spanish into English.

   4.       Sdl

·         Advantage: it can reduce the number and severity of vulnerabilities in software. In order to measure the extent to which these goals are met, security experts analyzed publics vulnerability counts in "pre-SDL" and "post-SDL" versions of the same product in the 12 months (or more) following the release.

·         Disadvantage: SDL includes a poor efficiency of the generated code and inadequate support for complex data type, algorithm, concurrency and hardware interface descriptions.

   5.       Wordbee

·         Advantage: it is a web-based application that allows interaction between the project manager, translator and proofreader in real time as well as simultaneous translation. Simultaneous translation means you can translate a source text into different languages simultaneously. Wordbee makes it possible to forward a source file to up to three translators. Wordbee enables proofreading and approving of translation memories (or previously translated files), in order to build new translation memories or export translation memories from other software. This is because Wordbee is compatible with most translation programs on the market.

·         Disadvantage: for someone with diminished eyesight, Wordbee is almost unusable, since it works at a low resolution and vague colors inside the browser and also has too small fonts. There is no PC based version of Wordbee to at least try to fill the missing requirements like other cloud based tools have made sure to provide.

http://www.systransoft.com

http://www.translationzone.com

http://www.sdl.com

http://www.wordbee.com

http://www.gingersoftware.com

Penerjemahan Berbantuan Komputer

Minister prepares language proficiency test

Manpower Minister Muhammad Hanif Dhakiri is set to make proficiency in the Indonesian language a requirement for both existing expatriates in Indonesia andprospective foreign workers.

Hanif said his ministry was planning to establish some kind of online Indonesian language proficiency test for expat workers. The test would be accessible outside Indonesia for workers yet to come to the country.

“[They] must understand that our intention to implement the policy is reciprocal,” Hanif said on Wednesday at the Presidential Palace, pointing out that Indonesia provided language training for workers before sending them to Japan or South Korea.

“Some foreign professionals come to this country and after several years here can still only say ‘selamat pagi [good morning]’ and ‘terima kasih [thank you]’. It’s not fair for us,” hecomplained. “It shows that they have no intention to learn Indonesian.”

Hanif said the planned policy would be imposed on foreigners already working in the country.

“When we finally put it into effect, it will cover new workers [applying to work in Indonesia], but there will be an adjusted mechanism for existing ones. For example, they will be allowed to remain in Indonesia [during the test period] but will have to prove their proficiency,” he explained.

Hanif’s office is still discussing the technical matters related to the implementation of the plan, which will involve language institutions creating the test mechanism.

Menteri menyiapkan tes keahlian bahasa

Menteri tenaga kerja Muhammad Hanif Dhakiri diminta untuk membuat persyaratan kemahiran dalam bahasa Indonesia untuk kedua ekspatiat di Indonesia dan calon pekerja asing.

Hanif mengatakan pihaknya sedang berencana untuk membangun beberapa jenis tes kemahiran bahasa Indonesia daring bagi pekerja expat.

“[Mereka] harus mengerti bahwa niat kita untuk menerapkan kebijakan tersebut merupakan timbal balik,” kata Hanif pada hari Rabu di Istana Presiden, menunjukan bahwa Indonesia menyediakan pelatihan bahasa untuk para pekerja sebelum mengirim mereka ke Jepang atau Korea Selatan.

“Beberapa professional asing dating ke nengara ini dan setelah beberapa tahun disini masih dapat mengatakan ‘selamat pagi [good morning]’ dan ‘terima kasih [thank you]’. Ini tidak adil bagi kita,“ komplainnya. “itu menunjukkan bahwa mereka tidak punya niat untuk mempelajari Bahasa Indonesia.”

Hanif mengatakan kebijakan yang direncanakan akan di kenakan pada orang asing yang telah bekerja di negara itu.

“Ketika kita akhirnya meletakkannya ke dalam suatu akibat, itu akan menutupi pekerja baru [penerapan untuk bekerja di Indonesia] tapi akan ada mekanisme biasa untuk yang telah ada. Misalnya, mereka akan diizinkan untuk tetap tinggal di Indonesia [selama periode pengujian] akan tetapi harus membuktikan kemampuan mereka, "jelasnya.

Kantor Hanif masih membahas hal-hal yang terkait dengan pelaksanaan rencana tersebut, yang akan meliputi mekanisme test pembuatan institusi bahasa.   

Source : http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/03/05/minister-prepares-language-proficiency-test.html

English Prepositions

Generally speaking one can classify prepositions in three groups:

·         prepositions of time

·         prepositions of place

·         and other kinds of prepositions

The following table includes the prepositions of time.

1.     Prepositions of time

Preposition of time	Explanations	Example
on	days weekend (American English)	Many shops don't open on Sundays. What did you do on the weekend?
in	months / seasons / year morning / evening / afternoon period of time	I visited Italy in July, in spring, in 1994 In the evenings, I like to relax. This is the first cigarette I've had in three years.
at	night weekend (British English) used to show an exact or a particular time:	It gets cold at night. What did you do at the weekend? There's a meeting at 2.30 this afternoon / at lunch time.
since	from a particular time in the past until a later time, or until now	England have not won the World Cup in football since 1966
for	used to show an amount of time.	I'm just going to bed for an hour or so.
ago	back in the past; back in time from the present:	The dinosaurs died out 65 million years ago.
before	at or during a time earlier than	She's always up before dawn.
to	used when saying the time, to mean before the stated hour	It's twenty to six.
past	telling the time	five past ten
to	until a particular time, marking end of a period of time	It's only two weeks to Christmas.
from	used to show the time when something starts	The museum is open from 9.30 to 6.00 Tuesday to Sunday.
till / until	up to (the time that)	We waited till / until half past six for you.
by	not later than; at or before	She had promised to be back by five o'clock.

2.     Prepositions of place

Preposition of place	Explanation	Example
in	inside	I watch TV in the living-room I live in New York Look at the picture in the book She looks at herself in the mirror. She is in the car. Look at the girl in the picture This is the best team in the world
at	used to show an exact position or particular place table events place where you are to do something typical (watch a film, study, work)	I met her at the entrance, at the bus stop She sat at the table at a concert, at the party at the movies, at university, at work
on	attached next to or along the side of (river) used to show that something is in a position above something else and touching it. left, right a floor in a house used for showing some methods of traveling television, radio	Look at the picture on the wall Cambridge is on the River Cam. The book is on the desk A smile on his face The shop is on the left My apartment is on the first floor I love traveling on trains /on the bus / on a plane My favorite program on TV, on the radio
by, next to, beside, near	not far away in distance	The girl who is by / next to / beside the house.
between	in or into the space which separates two places, people or objects	The town lies halfway between Rome and Florence.
behind	at the back (of)	I hung my coat behind the door.
in front of	further forward than someone or something else	She started talking to the man in front of her
under	lower than (or covered by) something else	the cat is under the chair.
below	lower than something else.	the plane is just below the the cloud
over	above or higher than something else, sometimes so that one thing covers the other. more than. across from one side to the other. overcoming an obstacle	She held the umbrella over both of us. Most of the carpets are over $100. I walked over the bridge She jumped over the gate
above	higher than something else, but not directly over it	a path above the lake
across	from one side to the other of something with clear limits / getting to the other side	She walked across the field/road. He sailed across the Atlantic
through	from one end or side of something to the other	They walked slowly through the woods.
to	in the direction of bed	We went to Prague last year. I go to bed at ten.
into	towards the inside or middle of something and about to be contained, surrounded or enclosed by it	Shall we go into the garden?
towards	in the direction of, or closer to someone or something	She stood up and walked towards him.
onto	used to show movement into or on a particular place	I slipped as I stepped onto the platform.
from	used to show the place where someone or something starts:	What time does the flight from Amsterdam arrive?

3.     Other Prepositions

Preposition	Explanation	Example
from	used to show the origin of something or someone used to show the material of which something is made used to show a change in the state of someone or something	"Where are you from?" "I'm from Italy." The desk is made from pine. Things went from bad to worse.
of	used to show possession, belonging or origin used after words or phrases expressing amount, number or particular unit	a friend of mine a kilo of apples
by	used to show the person or thing that does something:	I'm reading some short stories (written) by Chekhov.
on	used for showing some methods of travelling entering a public transport vehicle	It'd be quicker to get there on foot / on horse get on the train
in	entering a car  / Taxi	She got in the car and drove fast.
off	leaving a public transport vehicle	She got off the bus
out of	leaving a car  / Taxi	She got out of the train
by	used to show measurements or amounts travelling (other than walking or horseriding)	Their wages were increased by 12%. She went by car, by bus, by train
at	Age	In theory, women can still have children at the age of 50.
about	on the subject of; connected with	What's that book about?

http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-other-prepositions.php

Thousands Protest Against Charlie Hebdo in Pakistan

          Thousands of people marched in Pakistan Thursday against French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo as anger remains high in the Muslim majority country over the publication of cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad.

          The march through the streets of Karachi is the biggest in a series of demonstrations against the magazine, whose Paris offices were attacked on January 7 by Islamist gunmen, killing 12 people. An intelligence official overseeing the rally told AFP that the protesters numbered in the "thousands", still a relatively small turnout in a city of 18 million people. Protesters carried green flags printed with the prophet's mausoleum and chanted anti-Charlie Hebdo slogans as they marched.

          In the southwestern city of Quetta, some 400 activists of Markazi Jamiat-e-Ahl-e-Hadith, a Sunni Muslim organization, held a demonstration in front of the press club and burned a French flag. The demonstrators, many of them children, carried placards condemning the satirical magazine and shouted slogans including: "Let blasphemers be hanged, we will not tolerate anyone ridiculing our prophet."

          In eastern city of Lahore, around 2,000 from different groups including labor unions and a body that represents government clerical staff also held a demonstration condemning the publication of the cartoon. The protestors chanted slogans including "Down with France, France should tender an apology".

The Analysis:

1.              Thousands of people marched in Pakistan Thursday against French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo as anger remains high in the Muslim majority country over the publication of cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad.

• The function of “of” is belonging something and expressing amount, number or particular unit. 
• The function of “in” is to explain a place. It is preposition of place. 
• The function of “over” is across from one side to the other. It is preposition of place.

2.              The march through the streets of Karachi is the biggest in a series of demonstrations against the magazine, whose Paris offices were attacked on January 7 by Islamist gunmen, killing 12 people.

• The function of “through” is to explain from one end or side of something to the other. It is preposition of place. 
• The function of “on” is to explain days. It is preposition of time. 
• The function of “by” is to show the person or thing that does something.

3.                                      held a demonstration in front of the press club and burned a French flag.

•  The function of “in front of” is to explain further forward than someone or something else. It is preposition of place.

4.              around 2,000 from different groups including labor unions and a body that represents government clerical staff also held a demonstration condemning the publication of the cartoon.

• The function of “from” is to show the origin of something or someone.

Source : http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/01/22/thousands-protest-against-charlie-hebdo-pakistan.html#sthash.iygfegrO.dpuf

Name : Rengga Rinaldi Saputra

NPM : 15611971

Class : 4SA04